Computer Organization and Architecture
Basic Functional units of Computers
basic Operational concepts,
Bus structures.
Software,
Performance,
Multiprocessors,
Multicomputer.
Data Representation:
Signed number representation,
fixed and floating point Representations.
Computer Arithmetic
Addition and subtraction,
Multiplication Algorithms,
Division Algorithms.
Error detection and correction codes.
Register Transfer Language and Micro Operations
RTL- Registers,
Register transfers,
Bus and memory transfers.
Micro operations:
Arithmetic,
Logic,
and Shift micro operations,
Arithmetic logic shift unit.
Basic Computer Organization and Design:
Computer Registers,
Computer instructions,
Instruction cycle.
Instruction codes,
Timing and Control,
Types of Instructions: Memory Reference Instructions,
Input – Output and Interrupt.
Central Processing Unit organization
General Register Organization,
Stack organization,
Instruction formats,
Addressing modes,
Data Transfer and Manipulation,
Program Control,
CISC and RISC processors
Control unit design:
Design approaches,
Control memory,
Address sequencing,
micro program example,
design of CU.
Micro Programmed Control
Memory Organization:
Semiconductor Memory Technologies,
Memory hierarchy,
Interleaving,
MainMemory-RAM and ROM chips,
Address map,
Associative memory-Hardware organization.
Match logic.
Cache memory-size vs. block size,
Mapping functions-Associate,
Direct,
Set Associative mapping.
Replacement algorithms,
write policies.
Auxiliary memoryMagnetic
Input –Output Organization
Peripheral devices,
Input-output subsystems,
I/O device interface,
I/O Processor,
I/O transfers–Program controlled,
Interrupt driven,
and DMA,
interrupts and exceptions.
I/O device interfaces – SCII,
USB
Pipelining and Vector Processing
Basic concepts,
Instruction level Parallelism Throughput and Speedup,
Pipeline hazards.
